Despite surgical and anesthetic advances, many studies show complications after major gastrointestinal surgery in a subset of patients. Studies have also shown that the main focus must be developing new therapies for postoperative benefit. Studies have shown interest in the FTS pathway but need to be more precise. Our literature review shows that very little FTS pathway data is available from India. Thus, we investigated FTS use in our study. We performed 70 elective abdominal surgical procedures. Comorbidities and other variables that may affect surgery were assessed for patients. Each individual learned about FTS and its benefits. After counseling, written informed consent was obtained. Each individual received an appropriate workout program and behavior change strategy. We found that FTS reduced postoperative ileus and NG tube usage. Hence, FTS is superior to traditional surgery when utilized appropriately during surgery.

Hemorrhoidal illness is widely regarded as the most frequent rectum and large intestine condition, according to studies. According to many researchers, this condition affects 2.9% to 27.9% of the worldwide population, with 4% showing symptoms. Thus, our study compared laser hemorrhoidoplasty(LHP) and open hemorrhoidoplasty(OH). A comprehensive structural model analysis was performed on patients: this covered age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, and clinical and laboratory test data. The patients were then randomly divided into two groups. Post-operative outcomes included pain, bleeding, ROU, hospital stay, and recurrence. The study used the Chi-square test to investigate two nominal variables. We found that four patients (8% OH group) did not fully recover from the condition. At the same time, no recurrences were observed in the LHP group. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that LHP was better than OH. In addition to the above, further studies must be done in this field.

Background and Aim: Pit and fissure sealants play a significant role in preventive dentistry. The sealant's physical properties lend a notable contribution to its long-term success. The invention of nanoscience has led to breakthrough discoveries in improving the mechanical properties of sealants. The current work aimed to evaluate the microleakage of Hydrophilic sealant fortified using silver nanoparticles compared to the Hydrophilic sealant and conventional sealant on permanent molars. Materials and methods: Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized using beetroot extract and incorporated into hydrophilic Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant. A sample of extracted third molars, thirty in number, were allocated randomly to three different groups as follows: Group I: conventional Clinpro sealant, Group II: hydrophilic Ultraseal XT hydro, and Group III: Ultraseal XT hydro fortified with silver nanoparticles. Microleakage assessment was performed using a stereomicroscope. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare the microleakage values of the three groups. Results: Group III had the lowest values about mean microleakage score \((0.60\pm0.548)\), and the highest scores were noted for Group I (\(1.40\pm0.548)\). A statistically significant difference was observed in comparing the three groups employing the Kruskal-Wallis test. Conclusion: The results of the current study have established that the microleakage was the lowest in fortified UltraSeal XT Hydro (Group III) when compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro (Group II) and Clinpro sealant (Group I).

Background: Pregnancy, a distinctive physiologic state, that associated with multiple changes in the several body systems. One of the affected systems is cardiovascular system , with volume overload being one of the typical adaptation encountered during pregnancy, with chronic volume overload being one of the characteristic changes experienced during pregnancy. However, the effect of these changes on left ventricular myocardial contractile function has not been fully illustrated. Aim: To assess the maternal cardiac function during the third trimester of healthy pregnancy using Speckle Tracking echocardiography. Patient and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in Al-Furat teaching hospital in the time period from 1st of April 2022 to 30 of May 2023. A total of 150 women were studied, they were classified into two groups: 75 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy at their third trimester served as study group and 75 non pregnant women served as control group. Clinical evaluation, anthropometric assessments, and two-dimensional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography as well as Speckle Tracking echocardiographic study had been done for each one of them to assess the left ventricular systolic function. Results: The two groups showed significant difference in accordance with weight , height & BMI. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly different between the study groups \((p=0.001)\). Its Average value was decrease to -20.3 compared with -25.3 in control group. Besides, apical long-axis , three-, and four-chamber strain showed significant changes as well. With lowest strain value was the apical long-axes -18.96 in comparison with the control. Conclusion: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) shows significant reduction during the third trimester of healthy pregnancy ,this reduction in LV thickening is one of the cardiac adaptation throughout the pregnancy.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) greatly burdens health and economic status worldwide. One of the major sequels of DM is its effect on coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence. DM-associated dyslipidemia is considered one of the hazardous comorbidities as it directly accelerates atherosclerosis, hypertension, and CAD. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the lipid profile status among T2DM patients from Iraq. Subjects and methods: The current study randomly selected 100 diabetic patients of equal sex distribution. All included patients were subjected to anthropometric measurements, blood glucose, and lipid profile assessments. Results: Among the studied patients, 76 patients were found to have dyslipidemia, while 23 did not show any disturbance in their lipid profiles. Diabetic patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher BMI compared to the non-dyslipidemia group. There were statistically significant higher levels of PPBS, TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia compared to the other group. Moreover, there were statistically significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels in patients with diabetic dyslipidemia compared to the non-dyslipidemia group. Conclusion: DM is directly related to increased serum triacylglycerols, total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and a decrease in HDL cholesterol.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by atrial muscle cells that has an endogenous antagonistic effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It is believed to regulate salt and fluid balance and blood pressure. Blood samples (150) from males aged less than 20 to 55 years were collected from Al-Salam and Ibn-Sena Teaching Hospital in Mosul from 1/2/2022 to 1/9/2022. These samples, 5ml that include healthy and previously blood hypertension-diagnosed patients, were put into two tubes for hormonal and molecular study and divided into three classes: Control, which includes 50 samples from healthy individuals; hypertension without treatment patients 40 individuals and patients with treatment 60 individuals. Each class was divided into five groups according to their age. group (1) less than 20, group (2) 20-29, group (3) 30-39, group (4) 40-49 and group (5) 50-59 years. Serum ANP hormone concentration was measured, and the results revealed significant differences at \((p < 0.01)\) between patients and healthy control groups. Hormone concentration had decreased in the 1,2 group while increased in groups 3,4,5 of treated and untreated patients compared with control groups with different group concentrations ranging from 28.86-23.16 pg/ml, indicating the effect of aging on hormone concentration. Also, the results revealed a different hormone concentration in untreated patient's groups that ranged between 12.97-28 pg./ml while the concentration of treated patient's groups ranged between 12.97-33.36 pg/ml, these differences in hormone concentration in all groups revealed the effect interference of aging and treatments that had a direct effect on the hormone concentration. Besides, the Amplicon copy numbers of the ANP coding gene (Nppa gene), considered an essential indicator of gene activities utilizing the real-time technique, showed a significant increase in patient groups, especially group (5) of both treated and untreated, compared with control. These results concluded that this hormone had an essential correlation with hypertension.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical condition distinguished by repetitive occurrences of the partial or complete blockage of the upper airway while an individual is asleep. This obstruction leads to a decrease in airflow, known as hypopnea, or a complete absence of airflow, known as apnea, lasting for a minimum of 10 seconds. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), it was found that 33% of middle-aged males and 39% of middle-aged women were identified as having a high risk of OSA. OSA exhibits a higher occurrence in males, with an estimated prevalence of 4% in men compared to 2% in women, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. This condition has been identified as a significant factor leading to diminished quality of life and poor work productivity. The overall knowledge level was determined to be low for 80.7% of the Saudi population in a recent study on awareness of OSA and the factors that determine their awareness level. As a result, there is a level of awareness that has to be improved and addressed in Gulf countries. Thus, the present review discusses the distinct features of OSA and focuses on its prevalence in the countries included in the Gulf Corporation Council(GCC).

Background: One of the most important defenses against the COVID-19 pandemic is the use of facemasks. Long-term facemask use can result in mask-associated dry eyes. This study explored the prevalence of face mask-associated dry eyes (MADE) and associated factors among health workers in Jazan. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional clinical study was carried out among healthcare workers (Physicians, Dentists, Pharmacists, Technicians, Nurses, and Administrative staff) who wore facemasks during duties at Prince Mohammed Bin Nair Hospital in Jazan, Sudi Arabia, from 2020 to 2022. Two hundred ninety-eight participants were randomly selected. The participants were given a questionnaire about their socio-demographic characteristics, occupational information, health information, and the duration they had used glasses, masks, and technological devices. The daily average quantity of time spent sleeping was also investigated. The severity of dry eye disease was determined using OSDI scores. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test examined categorical variable connections. Mean differences were calculated using an independent \(t\)-test. Logistic regression will discover COVID-19 severity predictors. A statistically significant P-value is \(< 0.050\). Result: Among 298 health workers in this study fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the respondents was \(32.50 \pm 7.46\) years old, consisting of 61.3% male and 38.7% female out of 298 respondents whom the majority of them were Saudi (89.6%) and the rest non-Saudi (10.4%). Based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, almost half of the respondents (49.0%) obtained an average score in terms of dry eye disease. Only gender and marital status were significantly associated with OSDI score \(( 2 = 24.247, p< 0.001\) and \(2 = 24.247, p< 0.05\) respectively). From the Health Information provided, most of the variables were significantly associated with the OSDI score. Conclusion: This study concluded that face mask-associated dry eye (MADE) prevalence among health practitioners stands at 51%, partly explaining the worsening dry eye disease symptoms among mask wearers.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrine disorder in women. Caspase-1 is implicated in several important inflammatory diseases and controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions. This study was planned to investigate the association between insulin resistance in (PCOS) and serum levels of caspase-1, IL-10, and IL-18. Methods: Fifty women with PCOS and forty healthy controls were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Caspase-1 and IL-18, IL-10 levels, serum lipid sub-fractions, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and other hormone levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin resistance. Results: Regarding levels of obesity, the BMI of patients and controls was significantly different \((P > 0.01)\). The tests of insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, LH, estradiol, SHBG, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL all showed statistically significant changes. Research participants' serum FSH levels were greater than controls, but this difference was statistically insignificant. There was a highly significant difference in IL 10 and IL 18 levels. Additionally, PCOS patients had considerably greater Caspase-1 levels than controls. A significant positive link between age and caspase-1 \((r=-0.296^{\ast\ast}, p=0.036)\), a significant positive relationship between BMI and IL-18 \((r=0.338^{\ast\ast}, p=0.017)\), and a significant positive relationship between IL-10 and VLDL levels \((r=0.529^{**}, p=0.00007)\). Conclusion: There was an association between caspas-1, IL-10, IL-18 and polycystic ovary syndrome-related insulin resistance. Many recent proteins and interleukins are now considered potential new markers of insulin resistance in diagnostic and therapeutic polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention. The diagnosis depends primarily on demonstrating an intimal flap in the ascending aorta by preoperative imaging. We present a case of acute type- A aortic dissection with an absent dissection flap in the ascending aorta.Case presentation: A 37-year-old presented with alternating consciousness and cardiogenic shock. His clinical history and findings of echocardiography were suggestive of an acute aortic syndrome; however, the computed tomography did not demonstrate a dissection flap in the ascending aorta. Immediate surgical repair was undertaken. The dissection flap was found to be intussuscepting into the innominate artery.Conclusion: This case report adds to the existing evidence that the absence of an intimal flap in the ascending aorta does not rule out a severe type-A aortic dissection.

Background: Pneumonia is the common lower respiratory tract infection among pediatrics, especially under five; it is a common cause of under-five children morbidity and mortality. Objectives of study: To identify nurses' perceptions toward therapeutic strategies for children with pneumonia and to find the association between their perceptions and their demographic variables. Methods: A Convenient sample of 46 nurses in Baghdad city from three hospitals) Kadhimiya Hospital for Children, Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics, and Child Welfare Teaching Hospital) included in the study to identify their perceptions regarding pneumonia in children. Results: The results of the study present that most of the nurses' participants in the age group (20-25 years) are female, with a diploma in nursing. There is an association between nurses' perceptions with many variables such as age, education level, service in the ward, and training courses. Conclusions: In general, nurses were well aware of the strategies used for children with pneumonia, but gaps in some items are likely due to their information taken from social media. Activating the Ministry of Health's media on the importance of global strategies for treating children with pneumonia is an important step to improve nurses' perception gaps.