Background: One of the most common oral inflammatory conditions is Gingivitis. It involves the inflammation of gingiva supporting the tooth. Onset of gingivitis is due to the recurrent deposition of plaque and its inefficient removal. Use the right oral dentifrice and mouthwash to keep the inflammation at bay. Rutin is a natural substance extracted from citrus fruits. This citrus flavonoid is known to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. Aim: This study aims to formulate a mouthwash with rutin and compare its anti-inflammatory potential with an already commercially anti-inflammatory agent. Materials and Methods: For this in-vitro study two different anti-inflammatory assays were performed using different substrates. The first test performed was the bovine serum albumin anti-inflammatory test and the second one was the egg albumin denaturation test. Results: The results suggest that the rutin mouthwash made in our study shows a similar anti-inflammatory activity as the Diclofenac sodium based formulation. Rutin mouthwash and the Diclofenac sodium have exhibited a non-significance \((p>0.05)\) in the percent protein anti-denaturation with the increase in the concentrations ranging from \(10\mu l\) to \(50\mu l\). Conclusion: Rutin-based mouthwash possesses satisfactory anti-inflammatory activity compared to standard commercial mouthwash.

Background and Introduction: Osteocytes, the most numerous bone cells, create sclerostin. The sclerostin protein sequence predictive model helps create novel medications and produce alveolar bone in periodontitis and other oral bone illnesses, including osteoporosis. Neural networks examine protein variants for protein engineering and predict their structure and function impacts. Proteins with improved function and stability have been engineered using LLMs and CNNs. Sequence-based models, especially protein LLMs, predict variation effects, fitness, post-translational modifications, biophysical properties, and protein structure. CNNs trained on structural data also improve enzyme function. It is unknown if these models differ or forecast similarly. This study seeks Pre-trained language models to predict Wnt-Sclerostin Protein sequences in alveolar bone formation. Methods: Using UniProt ID, sclerostin and related proteins (Q9BQB4, Q9BQB4-1, Q9BQB4-2, Q6X4U4, O75197) were identified and quality-checked. Deepbio analyzed FASTA sequences. Deep Bio is a one-stop web service allowing academics to build any biological deep-learning architecture. DeepBIO used deep learning to improve and visualize biological sequencing data. LLM BASED Reformer, AAPNP, TEXTRGNN, VDCNN, and \(RNN\_CNN\) split sequence-based datasets into test and training. We randomly partitioned each dataset into 1000 training and 200 testing sets to change hyperparameters and measure performance. Results: Reformer, AAPNP, TEXTRGNN, VDCNN, RNN CNN exhibit 93, 64, 51, 91, and 64 percent accuracy. Conclusion: Protein sequence-based massive language models are growing, and R\&D is solving complicated challenges.

Background: Sepsis: a complex clinical syndrome--represents life-threatening organ dysfunction instigated by an infection's dysregulated host response. Early detection and accurate prognostication of sepsis are crucial; they pave the way for timely intervention, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. The rise in interest towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications within laboratory technologies is directly related to its potential for improving early detection and prognosis forecasting in sepsis cases; this interest comes as AI continues its advancement. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies utilizing AI algorithms in laboratory settings for early sepsis detection and prognostication: our methods entailed searching relevant databases for research published until October 2023. Our inclusion criteria spanned original articles; these applied machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to laboratory data--with the aim being sepsis prediction. We assessed the quality of the studies, extracted and synthesized data on AI model performance metrics - including: area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: The review encompassed eight studies meeting the inclusion criteria; AI models showcased exceptional predictive capabilities--evidenced by a range of AUROC values from 0.799 to 0.9213, signifying noticeably acceptable performance. However, there was wide variation in sensitivity and specificity among these analyses: an indicator of heterogeneity in model performance. Superior prognostic accuracy and potential for real-time monitoring of patients' early sepsis signs emerged in several models: notably, within the first 12 hours of patient admission - their highest predictive period. The models frequently outperformed traditional scoring systems. Conclusion: Laboratory technology's AI applications significantly promise sepsis' early detection and prognostication. Reviewed studies suggest AI models may surpass traditional methods, offering potential integration into clinical workflows for rapid sepsis identification aid. Nevertheless, we also acknowledged both the variability in model performance and necessity of additional validation across diverse clinical settings. Future research: it must concentrate on two key aspects--the refinement of AI algorithms to enhance sensitivity and precision; furthermore, it should delve into evaluating the clinical impact of tools for sepsis prediction that are assisted by AI.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of obese patients undergoing weight loss surgeries in Kirkuk City. Background: We can define Obesity as a common factor in the contemporary world. Obesity is a major factor in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and renal disease. It was also linked to various comorbidities. Weight loss surgery has beneficial effects on both Obesity and comorbidities. Patients and methods: This paper examines weight loss surgeries for obese patients using data collected from Baghdad, Iraq, between 16 January 2019 and 15 December 2022. By studying the outcomes of 122 patients, including 89 women (73%) and 33 men (27%), we developed the methodology to assess outcomes; each patient underwent one of several weight-reduction procedures. Results and discussion: Obesity is a severe health problem, and according to Epidemiological studies, Obesity affects approximately 400 million people worldwide. Females outnumbered males in all categories, possibly because women are more susceptible to psychological difficulties and more concerned about the aesthetic implications of Obesity. As a result, our study detected that women have more Obesity than males, where women were 89 and males had 33 cases of 122. Laparoscopic sleeve surgery is considered the most common surgery in the world (LGS), which is well-established in the treatment of morbid Obesity and has a significant impact on weight loss and the risk of comorbidities. This technique resulted in significant weight reduction. Previous studies indicated that having a high BMI increases the risk of operational mortality and complications. Due to that, the Ur study found that laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS) got the most cases with 75 of 122 patients. Also, our outcomes found that infections were the highest score of 11 patients who had complications, where there may be an increased risk of site infections. Conclusion: A range of weight loss procedures was employed in Kirkuk City to address morbid Obesity, with all procedures resulting in successful weight loss outcomes. However, LMGB patients showed the most significant benefits.

The prevalence of Carbapenem-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is rising worldwide and poses a treatment challenge for healthcare facilities. This study aims to detect a sequence of New Delhi metallo-\(\beta\)-lactamase (NDM) and bla OXA-48 gene in metalo-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a few hospitals in the city of Baghdad. 74 Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 320 clinical samples that were routinely submitted to the diagnostic laboratory of the chosen hospital. These samples included sputum, tissue swabs, folly tips, urine, ear swabs, bloodstream, pus, wound swabs, endotracheal tubes, and body fluids. In this study, 74 isolates were examined for expression of carbapenemase by phenotyping method. The modified Hodge Test (MHT) is utilized for phenotypic detection. MHT was positive for 24 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Genotyping was accomplished by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify target genes by employing particular primers. The NDM gene was detected in 19/24 isolates, and the blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 5/24 isolates. The presence of bla NDM and the dangerously high frequency of MBL in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain are both concerning, and it has been demonstrated to be challenging to treat and inhibit infection.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. Objective: To determine of coronary care unit nurses' knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. Methodology: A cross- sectional study was designed in the Cardiac Care Unit of Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and the Specialized Center for Cardiac Surgery and Catheterization for the period from (November 7, 2022) to (May 12, 2023). A non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (75 nurses) working in the above-mentioned study site. To determination of coronary care unit Nurses' knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, the researcher used a tool that consists of two parts: The first part: is the demographic data of the study sample, and the second part: nurses' knowledge about patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction includes 28 items. Results: The study showed that (48%) of the nurses in the study sample had fair levels of knowledge regarding patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. It also showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the nurses' knowledge and their age. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the largest percentage of the participants in the study have fair knowledge about patient rehabilitation after myocardial infarction, while a small number of them have satisfactory knowledge.

Tridax procumbens is a well-known medicinal herb that has traditionally been used to treat wounds and bronchial catarrh. In the current work, target proteins (EGF, PDGF, TGF, VEGF) implicated in wound healing were analyzed using in silico computational analysis of chosen active phytoconstituents of Tridax procumbens. Studies have shown that these targets are essential in wound healing and injury repair. This study aims to see if Caffeic acid, Epicatechin, Kaempferol, and Tannic acid can bind to and enhance the activity of specific proteins. The current research relies heavily on a computer-based molecular docking tool that simulates the in vivo situation and uses a unique algorithm to evaluate a ligand molecule's binding affinity and pose to a receptor. According to the findings, tannic acid had a great affinity with all of the target proteins studied in this investigation. Thus, this chemical should be investigated further as a potential therapeutic candidate.

Introduction: Certain ethnic groups continue to practice traditional values and beliefs while remaining geographically or socially isolated. These groups also tend to rely on traditional indigenous methods of treatment rather than accessing oral health treatments when necessary. Past studies of the tribal Narikuravar population's oral health state and understanding of oral hygiene measures revealed that both were in very poor condition, necessitating greater dental care. Poor oral health also implies that their general health will be compromised, affecting their ability to work as well. Aim: To assess the self-perceived stress and oral health-related quality of life among tribal gypsies in Chennai Materials and methods: The study was conducted among the Narikuravar tribal gypsies living in Thirumullaivoyal, Chennai, in April 2022. The present study included 320 study participants in total. Using the perceived stress scale (1983) and the OIDP scale, the tribal population's self-perceived stress and oral health quality of life were evaluated. To determine the statistical significance with \(p=0.005\), descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation test were used. Results: Our study shows a high-stress level of 30.6%, a Moderate stress level of 56.3%, and a low-stress level of 13.1% among tribal gypsies in Chennai. The correlation between stress levels and sleeping and relaxation among tribal gypsies in Chennai shows a high association between high-stress levels and their impact on everyday life. A chi-square test was done, and the association was found to be statistically significant, P-value \(= 0.000, P=<0.05\) Conclusion: Many nomads had oral health perceptions significantly correlated with their traditional habits, and their oral health had worsened. To enhance their oral health status, steps must be taken to increase their access to care and reduce barriers.

Introduction: Oral health beliefs and practices have changed over the years for humans. Despite adequate advancements in global oral health, problems persist in many communities worldwide, particularly among the underprivileged. The tribal gypsies are one among the underprivileged group without any knowledge of oral health & hygiene. The present study explores oral health beliefs and behavior among the tribal gypsies of Tamil Nadu. Aim & objectives: The objective of the present study was to assess the oral health beliefs and behavior among the tribal gypsies of Tamil Nadu. Materials and methods: The list of tribal gypsy colonies was obtained from the " Department of tribal welfare," and tribal gypsy colonies of certain areas in Tamil Nadu were identified for the study. A total of 458 subjects were selected. Informed consent was obtained from each participant, and ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethical Committee / IRB. The survey instrument, a questionnaire, was designed and reviewed many times to produce a questionnaire that would be friendly and easy to follow. Results: The perceived severity and perceived benefits are high, and the perceived barriers and perceived importance are low, which increases the cues for action and increased participation. Conclusion: The study results suggest that the tribal gypsies might have favorable compliance for oral health promotional programs. Further research is needed to investigate the oral health of the various ethnic tribes of Tamil Nadu.

Introduction: Cyanthillium cinereum is a native of tropical Africa and Asia (India, Indochina, Indonesia) and is used as a smoking cessation drug and relief for cold. Leaves act as an abortifacient and blood purifier and have diuretic, antiviral, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Cinnamon is the inner bark of cinnamon cassia found on the west coast of India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. It is a forest evergreen tree that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-microbial properties, treats bronchitis, diabetes and has traces of Vitamin B & K. Hence, we aimed to study the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity in the herbal synergy of cinnamon and cyanthillium cinereum. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted, and the polar aqueous extract of this combination of herbs cinnamon \ and cyanthilium cinereum was prepared and tested for DPPH assay \(H_{2}O_{2}\) assay to study its antioxidant properties and the absorbance value was evaluated. Brine Shrimp Assay with viable nauplii cell lines was used for cytotoxicity assessment. Results: Antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of Cyanthillium cinereum and Cinnamon revealed that there was a decrease in the antioxidant activity with an increase in the concentration of the aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of Cyanthillium cinereum and Cinnamon reported an increase in the cytotoxic activity with a rise in the concentration of the aqueous extract. Conclusion: This research showed that aqueous extract of cinnamon and cyanthillium cinereum has good antioxidant activity, is less cytotoxic, and can be used as a therapeutic and preventive medicine.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune illness characterized by symmetric peripheral polyarthritis. Studies showed that there is an association between inflammation and depression, so most RA patients are suffering from depression. People with RA are twice as likely to have depression as the general population. Prevalence estimates for depression among RA patients range between 9.5%, 8, and 41.5%. Objectives: To study the prevalence of depression among rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relationship with disease severity Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis and attending King Khalid Majmaah Hospital (KKMH). for follow-up. Fifty-seven patients were studied. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire and then analyzed using the SPSS Software program. This study protected the confidentiality of participants, and ethical approval was obtained from the King Fahad Medical City Review Board. Results: Most of the participants of this study were married females. 59.6% had been diagnosed with RA for less than five years, and Joint deformities were found in 19.3%. Prevalence of depression RA patients participated in this study. Only 12.3% were moderately depressed, so regular assessment of the RA patients is needed. HAQ results showed that 56.1% were categorized as 0 to 1. No significant association was found between the severity of depression and age group, gender, occupational status, diagnosis duration, family history of RA, joint deformities, serology markers, and conventional or biologic DMARDs. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of depression among the RA studied group was 28.1%. Among them, 12.3% were moderately depressed, and the rest had mild depression, so regular assessment of depression symptoms among the RA patients is needed, and antidepressants should be given if the depression worsens. Health-related quality of life (HAQ) results showed that 56.1% were categorized as 0 to 1. No significant association was found between the severity of RA and the level of depression. More extensive sample size studies? We need to confirm our findings in the future.