Monkeypox (MPX), which is similar to smallpox and cowpox, is caused by the MPX virus. It primarily appears in isolated areas in Central and West Africa, often near tropical rainforests. In this paper, a mathematical model of the MPX virus is explored and the sensitivity of the reproduction number is investigated. Two different numerical techniques, forward Euler, and nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) are constructed for solving the studied model numerically. The convergence, positivity, boundedness, and consistency of the NSFD scheme are investigated. The simulated graphs are displayed to illustrate the main attributes of the developed methodologies. The simulation results indicate that the NSFD scheme demonstrates unconditional convergence, whereas the convergence of the other two techniques is contingent upon the values of the step sizes.

Objective: YouTube is an important platform for sharing information. There is no study that evaluates scoliosis exercise videos on YouTube as technical and content yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and reliability of scoliosis exercises videos on YouTube.  Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. To access the videos about scoliosis exercise, an online search on Youtube was performed using the term‘’scoliosis exercise’’on the 5th of April,2022. The popularity of videos was assessed with Video Power Index (VPI),the technical and educational quality, and the reliability of videos were measured using the Global Quality Scale(GQS),the Journal of American Medical Association(JAMA) benchmark criteria, and modified DISCERN instrument.  Results: Fifty-three exercise videos were included in the study. Twenty-seven videos(50.9%) included general spinal stretching and strengthening exercises, six(11.3%) included Schroth therapy, twelve(22.6%) were yoga exercises, and eight(15.1%) were pilates exercises. When the videos were divided into two groups according to uploaders as medical(n=24) and non-medical professionals(n=29),no significant difference was determined between both groups in terms of the number of likes/dislikes, total/daily views, VPI, and GQS scores(p> 0.05). On the other hand, the JAMA and modified DISCERN instrument scores were found significantly higher in medical professionals (p=0.011,and 0.022, respectively). Also, a significant difference was found in terms of uploader profile(p=0.021), the modified DISCERN(p<0.001),and JAMA scores(p<0.001) between three educational quality levels.  Conclusion: The YouTube videos on scoliosis exercises had poor quality.High-quality and reliable videos were mainly sourced from medical professionals.Additionally, the technical characteristics of the videos have not related to the reliability and quality of them.  

Background: The transition from high school often coincides with impact on emotional eating (EE), potentially leading to disruptions in eating patterns. Even though, the impact of EE on patterns of eating behavior among Saudi female university students is not fully investigated. Aim: To assess the impact of EE on patterns of eating behavior among Saudi female University students. Methods: A total of 359 female students (King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) participated in a cross-sectional study. Data was collected using online questionnaire including general characteristics, Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) and Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ). Results: 41.2% of participants were categorized as somewhat emotional eaters with a mean EEQ score of 13.80±6.84. EE was positively associated with eating out, frequent snacking, consumption of sweets and biscuits, and meal skipping (p<0.05). Additionally, EBPQ score was positively correlated with weight/BMI (r=0.28, r=0.29) while negatively correlated with adherence to low-fat diet (r=-0.30, r=-0.26). Significant association between EEQ scores and BMI (p<0.001), with increased emotional eating score among overweight/obese individuals. Conclusion: Female university participants exhibited somewhat emotional eating tendencies, highlighting the complexity of the interaction between different parameters. These findings underscore the importance of addressing EE behaviors and its subsequent impact on dietary patterns; and promoting healthier dietary habits among Saudi female university students. 

Objective: The study aims to investigate interleukin -1 beta (IL-1\(\beta\)) in patients with urinary tract infections in the holy governorate of Karbala. Methods: This study was conducted during the period from October 2023 to February 2024 at Imam Hussein Hospital in the holy city of Karbala and the laboratories of the College of Applied Medical Sciences/University of Kerbala.
The current study included collecting urine samples (for use in general urine examination) and blood (using blood directly to measure the complete blood count CBC and serum to measure interleukin -1 beta (IL-1\(\beta\)) from 70 patients with urinary tract infection (35 patients with positive bacterial growth and 35 patients with negative bacterial growth) in addition to 70 healthy people. The following general criteria were also investigated: age, sex, height, and weight. Results: Eight bacterial species were obtained. From the findings of the study is the increase in concentration of  IL-1\(\beta\) in patients with urinary tract infections compared to the control group.  The presence of a negative correlation between LBP and IL-1\(\beta\). Conclusions: Increase the concentration of IL-1\(\beta\) in patients with urinary tract infections. There is a negative correlation in patients with bacterial growth between LBP and IL-1\(\beta\).

Background: A Class III skeletal malocclusion is a very complex condition in orthodontics practice, and its solution is often carried out orthopedically. The most used orthopedic devices include rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and the Delaire Appliances to treat not only maxillary deficiency but also to correct the position of the upper jaw. Even if these interventions become sustainable in the short term, their long-term stability remains questionable. Aim: reveal a pretty complicated relationship between orthopaedic and orthodontic surgeries and their influences on the volume of the upper respiratory tract and craniofacial correction. Methods: We searched multiple online databases including; Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. We used the following search strategy; "Rapid maxillary expansion" OR RME AND ("sleep apnea" OR "sleep-disordered breathing" OR "sleep-related breathing disorders" OR "sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome" OR SAHS) AND (children OR pediatric) AND ("orthodontic treatment" OR "orthopaedic treatment" OR "maxillary expansion") AND (oximetry OR polysomnography). Results: RME and the Delaire appliance were seen to be promising in the short term with an outcome of correction of maxillary transverse deficiency and skeletal relationships. Nevertheless, the issue of the long-term stability was spotted, including with regard to growth. But nevertheless both interventions exhibited some really valuable additions in general treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion. Scientific Novelty: This literature review synthesizes and summarizes the current knowledge on the effectiveness and durability of RME and the Delaire splint concerning skeletal class III malocclusion, presenting perspectives on their short-term impact and long-term performance. With its emphasis on poorly understood issues and new research, it greatly assists in updating our knowledge about orthopedic treatments. Conclusion: In a relatively short period of time, the rapid maxillary expansion method as well as the Delaire appliance can produce positive outcomes in terms of correcting the retroposition in cranial base class III malocclusion. Although, long lasting stability issues remain a worry and make the case for continued research and clinical monitoring for achieving better treatment outcomes and evidence-based practices in orthodontics.

Introduction: The etiology of mental disorders is largely influenced by genetic elements. Several studies have shown that genetic elements influence major mental disorders (MDs). However, the quantity and type of the genetic input remain unknown and require further research. Objective: In this review, we aim to investigate the impact of genetic markers on the development of mental disorders. Methodology: In our study, we included English studies from online databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords “genetic factors”, “genetic markers”, “mental disorders”, “anxiety”, “depression”, and “schizophrenia” till March 2024. Results: The result of the search utilizing the strategy of our search was 2107 studies. We selected the articles that were relevant to our topic by screening these articles. After eliminating the remaining papers based on title and abstract screening, we conducted a full-text screening of 318 publications. In the end, we consulted 68 articles to learn more about our subject and compose this evaluation. Scientific Novelty: Most of the previous studies discovered that genetic elements contribute to major MDs. However, the nature and extent of the genetic contribution have not been determined. In our review, we discussed the genetic contribution to the occurrence of MDs. Practical Significance of the Results Obtained: The influence of genetic research on individuals with MDs and their families was one of our review's main concerns. Understanding the extent of genetic elements' contribution to MDs may have implications for society, research, patient outcomes, and quality of life. Conclusion: This comprehensive study demonstrates that the development and onset of MDs are affected by several elements, which can be genetic polymorphisms and genetic mutations. The potentiality of genetics studies to detect the occurrence of MDs may help in the early recognition of these conditions. It could assist in identifying people who are more susceptible to developing specific disorders according to their genetic profile.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent systemic inflammatory diseases worldwide. Cardiac complications present the most common mortality cause among RA patients. One of the most important comorbid conditions with RA is diabetic hyperglycemia mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim of the study: The present study was conducted to assess prevalence of T2DM among patients diagnosed with RA from Iraq.  Methodology: We included a randomly selected 100 rheumatoid arthritis. All included patients were subjected to anthropometric measurements, diabetic profile assessment and ESR, CRP and rheumatoid factor measurement. Results: Among the included RA patients, 28 patients were diagnosed with new-onset DM. Our results showed that RA female patients, having obesity, HTN or hyperlipidemia exhibited higher risk for diabetic hyperglycemia. Conclusion: This current study revealed a statistically significant association between diabetic hyperglycemia incidence and comorbid RA.

Background: Most human movements are supported by its functional capabilities of the anaerobic type, which is dominated by submaximal and maximal sports activities performed in a short time. Functional capabilities of the anaerobic type of man participate in most of his movement activities. Conditioned on adequate and extremely good interaction and functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, morphological status, metabolic processes, muscle structure, nutritional status, physical activity, etc. Purpose: The research was conducted in the conditions of the so-called field testing with the primary goal of assessing the acute state of anaerobic abilities of physical and sports students, by calculating the fatigue index (FI). Methods: The sample included 80 students of Physical and Sports Education, different geographical regions, average weight 77.88±8.49kg, age 20-23 years. The Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was used to assess FI, and the basic statistical parameters were calculated. Results: The average value of the student's leg power is 573.89 watts (378.42 watts vs. 817.99watts), and the recorded average (FI) of 8.35 watts/sec (3.97watts/sec. vs. 16.93watts/sec.). Conclusions: The obtained results confirmed the average values of anaerobic capacity which are suitable for the examined population of subjects, while the maximal the value of FI suggests a weaker state of the anaerobic capacity of the individuals (less tolerance to lactates).

Background: Cortisol, is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, performs many vital functions in the body, including the regulation of energy, metabolism, and immunity. The body also releases cortisol to activate our "flight-or-fight" responses to counteract acutely stressful situations. If cortisol levels stay elevated for extended periods, however, they can lead to chronic stress. This long-term activation of the stress-response system can interfere with the normal functioning of other body systems, including reproductive health. Several studies demonstrate a relationship between stress, cortisol and infertility – higher levels of stress and cortisol result in a decreased fertility rate [1]. Aim of the study: to detect the follicular fluid and blood concentration of the cortisol hormone on subfertility in women undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for fertility treatment. Method: This case control study carried out on eighty women,  from these,  forty female were subfertile patient defined as the cases, other fourty female as control included fertile female came to fertility center due to male facter  of subfertility. A detailed medical history, physical examination was recorded. At the same day of ovum pickup blood and follicular fluid were collected, for hormonal analysis of cortisol. Results: Show significantly higher levels of serum and follicular cortisol in subfertile women (cases) than control group ( p < 0.05), and significant positive correlations between serum and follicular fluid. 
Conclusion: Cortisol hormone level in blood and follicular fluid were significantly higher in cases group than control and there is a positive correlations between serum and follicular fluid of cortisol.

Background: In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global state of emergency due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to determine the attitudes of healthcare workers in various Iraqi health institutions towards treating patients with COVID-19. Additionally, it aimed to identify the most important reasons behind preventing them from doing their job. Methods: Between Nov. 2021 to Dec. 2022, we conducted a self-administered cross-sectional survey of 207 healthcare worker participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire that included three parts. The first part included sociodemographic data, the second part aimed to assess the participants’ information concerning how they dealt with this pandemic, and the third part was designed to identify the participants’ attitudes. The statistic data were analysed by using (SPSS), 25.0/ IBM Crop., Armonk, NY. The scientific content of the questionnaire items was taken from the online literature as well as updated information on the WHO website. Results: The results study revealed that 135 (65.22%) of the participants were willing to receive and treat COVID-19 patients in hospitals and private clinics. While 72 (34.78%) of the study participants showed their unwillingness to treat infected patients. The most crucial reasons behind their reluctance were the fear of transmission of infection and the lack of protective equipment. Conclusion: The study concluded that the participants' willingness was good. This was indicated by their positive attitudes toward carrying out their medical duties and commitment to providing health care and treatment for COVID-19 patients. There is an urgent need to reduce psychological and physical stress as well as the pressures that health workers suffer from because they are facing large numbers of daily infections. This reduction is achieved via training, continuous education and equipping hospitals with the latest protective supplies to confront epidemics and pandemics.

Introduction: The multidisciplinary approach in healthcare unites professionals from different fields to deliver patient-centered care. This collaborative team, comprising care partners, hospitalists, nurses, pharmacists, and others, operates with shared goals, leveraging electronic records, regular assessments, and patient involvement. Objective: In this review, we aim to investigate the challenges and benefits of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment in clinical medicine. Methodology:  In our study, we included English studies from online databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library using the following keywords “delusions”, “pharmacotherapy”, “psychotherapy”, and “antipsychotics” till January 2024. Results: The result of the search using our search strategy was 2367 articles. We screened these articles to choose the articles related to our topic. We did a full-text screening of 344 articles after excluding the remaining articles by title and abstract screening. Finally, we used 50 articles to gather information about our topic and write this review. Scientific Novelty: Lies in its integration of diverse expertise, methodologies, and perspectives to address complex healthcare challenges. Practical Significance of the Results Obtained:  Its practical significance lies in improving patient outcomes, optimizing resource utilization, and fostering innovation through collaborative problem-solving and evidence-based practices. Conclusion: This literature review focused on the multidisciplinary approach in medicine to ensure quality healthcare for patients. Stressing the advantages such as decreasing negative patient outcomes and increasing treatment strategies by collaboration among health care professionals.