Prevalence of Generalized Joint Hypermobility among University Recreational Football Players in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) is described as excessive range of motion in multiple synovial joints of human body beyond normal physiological range. Usually it is asymptomatic, GJH has been associated with modified biomechanics, neuromuscular deficits and increased risk of ligamentous and overuse injuries in athletic populations. Limited data exist regarding its prevalence among recreational football players in Saudi Arabian populations. Objective: To find out the prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility among university recreational football players in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted between January and March 2024 at the Majmaah University International Rehabilitation Centre, Saudi Arabia. All registered male recreational football players aged 18–29 years (N = 284) were screened using the standardized 9-point Beighton scoring system. A cut-off score ≥4/9 defined GJH. Prevalence and exact (Clopper–Pearson) 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Among 284 screened players, thirty‑two met criteria for GJH, there is a prevalence of 11.26% (95% CI: 7.8%–15.5%). The mean Beighton score for the entire cohort was 1.9±1.4, whereas hypermobile players (score ≥4/9) demonstrated a mean score of 4.8±0.9. Conclusion: Approximately one in nine recreational university football players demonstrated generalized joint hypermobility, a rate that is similar to previously reported prevalences in recreational and sub‑elite football cohorts and slightly higher than some non‑athletic university populations. These findings support the implementation of routine hypermobility screening in university athletic programs.