Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome in Saudi Arabia (2015–2025): A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Metabolic syndrome is a complex condition that includes obesity, high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance. It poses some serious public health problems across the globe, and in Saudi Arabia these issues are quite acute. Through synthesis of some epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and public health reports, this review provides an overview of the burden of metabolic syndrome among the Saudi community. The data point out a worrisome trend: There is increasing MS in Saudi Arabia. Such an increase is also correlated with things like urbanization, a sedentary lifestyle, and dramatic transformations to diets that contribute to our reliance on high-calorie and processed foods. In addition to posing risks to individual health, in Saudi Arabia, these trends pose serious obstacles to our healthcare system. In order to understand metabolic syndrome, we need insight into its multitude of risk factors. This review examines genetic factors that may predispose some people to MS in addition to local culture influences. In this context, traditional notions regarding exercise and diet are a big part of the picture. For example, the consumption of fatty and sugary diets (in conjunction with a loss of physical activity) has adversely affected the health of the population. The review also identifies existing treatment modalities for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of metabolic syndrome. It highlights the need for culturally relevant interventions, aligned with local values, to be received by those in greatest need. The strong national health policy is one way to avoid the consequences including metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular risks and play a critical role in an integrated healthcare system. In the end, this synthesis will be a key insight for public health practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. It supplies the necessary information to guide decision-making on metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia which provides insights for action on decisions and formulation of strategies. Effective health policies and appropriate solutions to the changing trends of metabolic syndrome will help in preventing social and economic suffering among a healthier future for the citizens of the country.