Research Article
Open Access
Investigates the Effects of the Sound Waves on the Growth and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (Esbl)-Producing E. Coli
Rania Mohammad Sabri Sultan
Pages 173 - 179
Antibiotic-resistant microbes have been closely associated with drug misuse and careless drug disposal, indicating a mutualistic relationship between certain environmental conditions and antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the effects of the sound on the growth and antibiotic susceptibility of ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-E. coli). We examined how various frequencies, intensities, and powers of sound exposure influenced E. coli development and antibiotic resistance. Our findings revealed that E. coli exposed to sound waves exhibited a more rapid specific growth rate and higher biomass compared to the control group. Specifically, the average length of E. coli cells increased by over 27.26\%. The stimulation group experienced maximum biomass and specific growth rates approximately 1.7 and 2.5 times higher than the control group when exposed to an 8000 Hz, 80 dB sound wave. Before receiving sound treatment, ESBL-E. coli showed resistance to four antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. However, post-treatment susceptibility tests indicated that these antibiotics became effective. The study demonstrates that the moderate sound wave significantly impacts multidrug-resistant ESBL-E. coli. Attempts to enhance the sound effect using probiotic bacteria from kefir and kombucha showed no improvement. Notably, certain Moderate sound verses had a profound impact on E. coli, suggesting a unique approach to combating antibiotic resistance. Considering projections that effective antibiotics might be scarce between 2030 and 2050, this study offers a promising alternative. This groundbreaking research holds significant potential for application in Saudi Arabia and globally. We have secured a patent for this innovation from the United States of America, underscoring its importance and potential impact.
Research Article
Open Access
Investigation of the Effect of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique (Floatation-REST) in Floatation Tank on Physical, Physiological, and Psychological Recovery Parameters of Football Players
Korhan Kavuran,
Bilal Coban,
İlay Kavuran Buran,
Arzu Akagac Etem,
Ebru Onalan
Pages 164 - 172
Background: Heavy training and football matches can negatively impact athletes' performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of Floatation-REST on the physical, physiological, and psychological recovery parameters of football players following plyometric training. Methods: The study involved 24 football players aged 20-26 from the amateur league in Bitlis, Turkey. Participants were divided into two groups: a control group (n=12) and a Floatation-REST group (n=12). After undergoing plyometric training, the control group watched a documentary video, while the Floatation-REST group received Floatation-REST therapy. Recovery effects were assessed through heart rate measurement, lactate, cortisol, myoglobin, creatine kinase, leukocytes, IL-6, TNF-alpha serum analyses, performance tests, and a psychological perception questionnaire. Results: Floatation-REST showed statistically significant positive effects on heart rate, lactate, creatine kinase, myoglobin, cortisol, and IL-6 levels. It also significantly reduced pain in the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and achilles tendon, and improved speed (30 m), agility, and thrust force performances. Athletes in the Floatation-REST group reported decreased pain and enhanced performance according to the psychological perception questionnaire. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Floatation-REST can be effectively used by football clubs as a new recovery method, offering benefits in physical and psychological recovery following intense training.
Research Article
Open Access
Anthropometric Physical Fitness Measurements of Medalist and Non-Medalist Athletes in Self-Defense Sports in Aqaba, Jordan
Amr Salem Falah Alnamat,
Marhasiyah Binti Rahim,
Abdalsalam M Al Naddaf,
Abdullahi Umar Babba
Pages 155 - 163
Introduction: This study investigates the anthropometric physical fitness measurements of athletes in self-defense sports, including karate, Muay Thai, kickboxing, and taekwondo, in Aqaba, Jordan. The objective is to identify physical attributes that contribute to success in these sports. The research compares various anthropometric factors—such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and flexibility—between athletes who have won medals and those who have not. Understanding these differences could highlight the significance of certain physical characteristics in achieving success in self-defense sports. Methodology: The study assessed the anthropometric characteristics of athletes participating in self-defense sports in Aqaba, Jordan. Two groups were compared: medalists (gold, silver, or bronze at national or international levels) and non-medalists. Data collected included height (cm), weight (kg), BMI, body fat percentage (%), muscle mass (kg), and flexibility (measured via the sit-and-reach test). Results: The study revealed significant differences in certain anthropometric measures between medalists and non-medalists. Medalists displayed higher muscle mass and lower body fat percentages compared to non-medalists. They also demonstrated greater flexibility, as shown by better sit-and-reach test scores. No significant differences were found in height, weight, or BMI between the two groups. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of specific anthropometric measures in achieving success in self-defense sports. Medal-winning athletes had advantageous body composition characteristics, such as increased muscle mass and decreased body fat, which likely contribute to better strength-to-weight ratios and agility. Enhanced flexibility among successful athletes suggests improved range of motion and reduced injury risk, crucial for performance in dynamic combat sports. These insights highlight the need for targeted strength and conditioning programs tailored to the physical demands of self-defense sports. Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the physical characteristics of successful and less successful athletes in self-defense sports in Aqaba, Jordan. Key factors such as muscle mass, body fat percentage, and flexibility were found to influence athletic success. Coaches and athletes can use this data to develop personalized training programs aimed at improving performance and achieving competitive success in self-defense sports.
Research Article
Open Access
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation of Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pages 147 - 154
Background: Recent advancements in Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have notably transformed athletic training and rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VR in athlete rehabilitation. Methods: This review included peer-reviewed studies published up to October 2023 that compared VR-based rehabilitation methods with traditional techniques in athletic populations. Data extracted covered factors such as physical function indices, kinematic waveforms, ground reaction force (GRF), knee moments, and joint angles. A random-effects (RE) model was employed to account for between-study variability, and mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for meta-analytic comparison. Results: Four studies included in the review showed that VR-based rehabilitation groups had improved physical function indices and strength recovery, although not always at optimal speeds. Increases in GRF and knee moments were observed in athletes undergoing ACL rehabilitation with VR. The studies exhibited significant heterogeneity, indicating that VR's impact on rehabilitation outcomes varies widely. Conclusion: The substantial heterogeneity across studies suggests that multiple factors may influence the effectiveness of VR in rehabilitation. Further research is needed for a comprehensive understanding of VR's role in athletic rehab. Despite this, VR holds potential as a valuable adjunctive tool in rehabilitation strategies, warranting further investigation into its applicability and benefits.
Review Article
Open Access
Efficacy of Intramuscular Infusion of Clodronate in Patients With Erosive Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Pages 141 - 146
Introduction: Erosive osteoarthritis (EOA) is a rarer and more aggressive form of osteoarthritis (OA) that damages cartilage and bone, leading to joint deformities. Clodronate, a nitrogen-free bisphosphonate, shows promise in treating EOA due to its anti-inflammatory effects, osteoclast inhibition, chondrogenesis promotion, bone resorption inhibition, and pain control. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of intramuscular administration of clodronate infusion in the treatment of EOA. Method: A systematic review was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of clodronate for EOA. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search on PubMed and Google Scholar using Boolean operators and keywords such as "clodronate," "erosive osteoarthritis," and "osteoarthritis." Results: The studies indicate that clodronate exhibits promising clinical analgesic properties, enhances hand strength, and improves radiological outcomes, leading to pain relief and improved physical and mental health. Clodronate was found effective in preventing bone marrow lesions and reducing cartilage degradation. The studies generally show a low risk of bias, with well-controlled selection and performance biases. Detection bias is mostly low-risk, and attrition bias is adequately addressed. Recruitment bias, baseline imbalance, and loss of clusters are rare, and incorrect analysis is seldom observed. Overall, the studies demonstrate high methodological rigor, lending confidence to the validity and reliability of the findings. Conclusion: Clodronate is effective in alleviating pain, reducing pro-inflammatory mediator release, and preventing articular degradation in the treatment of EOA.
Research Article
Open Access
Formulation and Characterization of Sodium Fusidate Loaded-Silver Nanoparticles as Gel for Topical Applications
Omar Saleh Abdulkader,
Abdulkareem Hameed Abd,
Ahmed Najim Abood
Pages 138 - 140
Background: The application of topical medications to facilitate the healing process and prevent infection continues to be an essential component of treatment for all types of wounds. Methods: Silver nanoparticles loaded with sodium fusidate were produced through chemical reduction using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent. The silver nanoparticles were initially produced and then incorporated into a gel prepared using carbomer 940 and triethanolamine. The sodium fusidate-loaded silver nanoparticles were characterized by pH, polydispersity index (PDI), and globular diameter. Results: The novel formula exhibited a globular diameter of 668.2±0.2 nm, normal homogeneous dispersion (PDI, 0.567±0.002), and a pH of 6.2±0.05. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first sodium fusidate-loaded silver nanoparticles nano-drug delivery system. Its preclinical and clinical applications seem promising.
Research Article
Open Access
Comparative Analysis of Latest Technologies in Microscopic Endodontics: Diagnostic
Larysa Dereyko,
Maryana Paladovska,
Andriy Kolba,
Bohdan Hudyma,
Oleksandra Kolba
Pages 128 - 137
Background: Modern developments in microscopic endodontics have included Dental Operating Microscope (DOM), ultrasonics, piezo technology, CBCT, digital imaging and scanning, laser endodontics, and nanotechnology. Aim: This narrative review also assesses the diagnostic efficiency, treatment outcomes, patients’ outcomes and cost-effectiveness of these technologies. Methods: The literature search was done in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library by searching for English language, peer-reviewed articles published in the last 15 years. Results: According to this review, DOMs and CBCT both considerably increase diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic potential, which enhances treatment outcomes and raises patients' quality of life. Ultrasonics and laser endodontics can be used to produce minimally invasive treatments, and there is little to no pain following surgery. Nanotechnology and digital imaging are two instances of new technologies that still need to be developed. These technologies need significant capital investments from an economic perspective, but the investment pays for itself in returns. Conclusion: This review established that improvements in microscopic endodontic are impressive in diagnostic and therapeutic result while the initial costs are high. Arguments including increased accuracy in treatment, decreased patient discomfort, and better therapeutic outcomes serve as strong arguments for the continued application and advancement of endodontic tactics.
Research Article
Open Access
Renal Function Tests (Blood Urea and Serum Creatinine) Pre-and Post-Operative Treatment for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomies and Standard Treatment
Mohamed Zewita,
Mahmoud M. Shalaby,
Atef M. Abdlatif,
M.Atef Abdalziz
Pages 124 - 127
From September 2016 to September 2019, this study was carried out at the Urology and Nephrology University Hospital at Assiut University in Assiut, Egypt. On sixty individuals were divided into two therapy groups, each comprising thirty patients. The first group underwent a traditional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), while the second group underwent a tubeless procedure. The average blood loss before and after the procedure, changes in hemoglobin, and creatinine levels did not differ statistically significantly between the two groups, according to the results. These findings demonstrates that the tubeless group had a longer surgical length, a difference that was statistically significant (P-value = 0.034*). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the number of tracts or methods of access. Following the procedure, the patient was randomly assigned to have either a nephrostomy tube or have the tract closed without the need for a tube. The patient was randomly assigned to get either a nephrostomy tube or have the tract closed without the need for a tube.
Case Report
Open Access
Adult Presentation of Ovarian Inguinal Hernia: A Case Report
Waleed F Alkhaldi,
Nasser A.N. Alzerwi,
Sulaiman Alsheikh,
Sulaiman A. Almutairi,
Wajdi Ala’amri,
Ali Albweady
Pages 121 - 123
Ovarian inguinal hernia is an extremely rare condition. However, it is more common in infants and young females than in adults. The occurrence of inguinal hernias in adult females is usually due to failure in the closure of the processus vaginalis (which is usually obliterated by the eighth month of gestation ). The association between the ovary-containing inguinal hernias and Mullerian duct anomalies is not well established. Commonly, inguinal ovarian hernia is present in infant females and rarely presents in adults. However, when observed in adults, the presentation is generally acute and rarely as chronic abdomen. In infants, the diagnosis is usually made preoperatively with ultrasonography whereas in adults, the diagnosis is intra-operative for acute presentation.Here we report a case of 32 year old female patients who presented with a Mullerian duct anomaly and an adult presentation of an ovarian inguinal hernia as chronic abdomen.
Research Article
Open Access
Decoding Polycystin-1's G-Proteolytic Site: Implications for Cell Interactions and Autosomal Dominent Polycystic Kidney Disease Pathogenesis
Hala Salim Sonbol,
Alaa Muqbil Al-sirhani
Pages 112 - 120
Renal cysts are the outcome of ADPKD, which is characterised by abnormal cell proliferation, altered cellular polarity, and disordered extracellular matrix dynamics. Of ADPKD instances, the PKD1 gene mutation is responsible for about 85\% of cases. The goal of this study is to better understand the function of polycystin-1, a membrane protein with unique peptide domains involved in interactions between cells and matrices, and the G-proteolytic site domain (GPS). Their importance in normal kidney development and the underlying mechanisms of ADPKD pathophysiology may be revealed by this interaction. In order to characterize MBP-GPS's function, its effect on the growth of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK-293) was investigated. The results showed that when the fusion protein was exposed to cells, the rates of cell proliferation significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, pull-down studies using MBP-GPS were carried out on HEK-293 cells in order to find potential interaction proteins connected to the GPS domain. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was utilised to identify the peptides that emerged from tryptic digestion after the cell lysate underwent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Among the candidate proteins identified, laminin emerged as a potential interacting partner with the GPS domain. This research represents a significant step towards unraveling the nature of the putative interactions between the extracellular domains of ECM and the polycystin-1, shedding light on their potential roles in ADPKD development
Research Article
Open Access
Does Weight Training Impact People With Osteoarthritis- a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
B. Alqahtani,
K. M. Alkhathami
Pages 102 - 111
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating musculoskeletal condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Various interventions, including weight training and exercise (WTE), have been explored to alleviate pain and improve mobility in knee OA patients. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the existing literature to evaluate the effects of different WTE interventions on pain, mobility, knee function, and quality of life in individuals with knee OA. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, with clinical trials being the primary type of studies included in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcomes of interest were pain reduction and improvements in mobility, assessed through various validated measures. Results: A total of 15 clinical trials were included in this review. The meta-analysis revealed mixed findings regarding the effects of WTE on pain and mobility in knee OA patients. While some interventions, such as high-intensity resistance training, demonstrated significant reductions in pain and improvements in mobility, others showed no substantial differences compared to control groups. The diversity of exercise modalities and intervention durations across studies contributed to this variability. Nevertheless, the overall analysis indicated that WTE interventions have the potential to positively impact pain and mobility in knee OA, with variations depending on the specific exercise type and duration. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of tailoring exercise programs to individual patient needs and preferences. While certain exercise modalities yielded significant improvements, future research should focus on optimizing exercise protocols, conducting long-term follow-up assessments, and evaluating cost-effectiveness. These insights hold significant implications for healthcare providers seeking evidence-based strategies to enhance the well-being of knee OA patients.
Research Article
Open Access
Leadership Development Training Program's Impact on Acquisition of Leadership Competencies for Nurses A Pilot Study
Pages 93 - 101
Background: Nursing leadership is an essential element in motivating and inspiring nurses to practice at the top of their licensure. Leadership is the process of inspiring and influencing others to mobilize and direct their efforts toward specific goals and attain these goals through them. Nurses’ transition into leadership roles requires certain competencies demonstrated to become a strong leader. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of leadership development training programs on the acquisition of leadership competencies for nurses. Design: A quantitative quasi-experimental design was employed where nurses who participated in a leadership development training program at King Abdulaziz Medical City participated in this study using a survey method. Results: The result revealed significant effects of the leadership development program on the perceptions of nurses on the essential leadership knowledge and the ability to implement these competencies. The result showed a relatively high level of perceived knowledge and ability to implement the statements of the five sub-scales: Technical, Human, Conceptual, Leadership skills, and Financial Management. Conclusion: Development training programs in leadership for nurses should focus on knowledge, skills, and the resources they need to accomplish their career objectives and facilitate their transition into becoming skilled nurse leaders.
Research Article
Open Access
Exploring Clinical Competencies and Ethical Reflections: A Multi-Patient Simulation-Based Training Program for Emergency Medicine Residents
Mevlut Okan Aydin,
Sinem Yildiz Inanici,
Cem Oktay,
Suna Eraybar Atmaca,
Maruf Begenen,
Sevilay Ayas,
Hatice Gulbas,
Guven Ozkaya
Pages 87 - 92
Objectives: This study aims to assess the proficiencies, ethical considerations, and crisis management abilities of emergency medicine residents through a multi-patient simulation program. The research investigates the impact of this training on developing skilled emergency care providers. Methods: Fifteen emergency medicine residents at various training levels were evaluated by two specialists across five simulation scenarios aligned with ACGME competencies. Performance in clinical decision-making, communication, and teamwork was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale and Google Forms, following obtaining informed consent. Results: The study lasted three days and included briefings, simulations, and debriefings. Residents demonstrated differing performance levels, excelling in patient history taking and data reassessment but facing challenges in forensic inquiries, ethical dilemmas, and team communication under pressure. Residency experience showed positive correlations with certain performance aspects. Conclusions: Variations in residents' performances highlight the complexities of emergency medicine and the role of simulation in identifying educational gaps. The debriefing session emphasized the importance of ethical practice and effective team communication. The debriefing session highlighted ethical conduct and effective team communication, advocating simulation-based training to improve emergency medicine competencies. Additionally, the session gathered information that would guide future research endeavors and the development of educational policies.
Research Article
Open Access
Developing a Neural Network Model for Type 2 Diabetes Detection
Noha Alsulami,
Shahenda Sarhan,
Miada Almasre,
Wafaa Alsaggaf
Pages 75 - 86
Worldwide, the healthcare system is greatly impacted by the changing requirements of the people. Diabetes is a long-lasting condition that can lead to serious complications if not controlled correctly. It is divided into Type 1 (DT1) and Type 2 (DT2) diabetes. Research shows that almost 90% of Diabetes cases are DT2, with DT1 making up around 10% of all Diabetes cases. This paper suggests a Rough-Neuro classification model for identifying Type 2 Diabetes, which includes a two-stage process. The approach includes utilising Rough sets JohnsonReducer to eliminate unnecessary features or characteristics and multi-layer perceptron for illness categorization. The suggested technique seeks to reduce the amount of input characteristics, which results in a reduction in the time needed to train the neural network and the storage space required. The findings show that decreasing the amount of input characteristics results in a lower neural network training time, enhances model performance, and reduces storage needs by 63%. It is worth mentioning that a smaller neural network with only seven hidden layers, trained for 1000 epochs with a learning rate of 0.01, attained the best performance, but time and storage were much decreased.
Research Article
Open Access
Virulence Determination in Invasive and Commensal Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Hind Hamid Muneam,
May Talib Flayyih
Pages 68 - 74
Aims: The research primarily focuses on the virulence factors in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and their role in human disease. Methods: 15 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were obtained from urine, wound, and blood samples from various hospitals in Baghdad. Additionally, 15 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were collected from the urine and fingerprints of healthy individuals in Baghdad from July 2021 to January 2022. The resistance of the isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by conducting the disk diffusion test, which involves placing antibiotic-containing disks on a culture plate to observe the extent of bacterial growth inhibition around each disk. The antibiotics tested included Vancomycin (VA- 30µg), Cefoxitin (CFX- 30µg), Gentamicin (CN-10µg), Tetracycline (TE-10 µg), Levofloxacin (LEV- 5µg), Oxacillin (OX- 5µg), Penicillin G (P-10 µg), Rifampin (RA- 5µg), and Clindamycin (DA-10 µg). The frequency of virulence genes (fdh, mecA, clf, IgG, sesI) was determined using PCR assay. Results: A total of 30 S. epidermidis isolates were detected by traditional biochemical tests, and Viteck 2 had higher rates of resistance to cefoxitin (80%), oxacillin (90%), penicillin (86.6%), clindamycin (60%), gentamicin (76.6%), levofloxacin (80%), and tetracycline (26.6%). The most effective antibiotics are vancomycin (90%) and rifampin (86%). Moreover, the detection of 3/15 (20%), 12/15 (80%) of commensal marker fdh, and 3/15 (20%), 1/15 (6.6%) of invasive marker sesI genes, 11/15 (73.3%), 14/15 (93.3%) while other virulence genes mecA, clf, IgG were detected in 6/15 (40%), 7/15 (46.6%), 9/15 (60%), and 14/15 (93.3%) in clinical and healthy individual isolates, respectively.
Research Article
Open Access
Histological Changes in the Lungs of Laboratory Mice Treated with Valsartan and Vitamin E
Ferial Rashid Sukkar,
Jabbar Abadi Mohammed
Pages 64 - 67
Background: This study was conducted in the Department of Biology, University of Kufa. The objective was to demonstrate the effect of using valsartan on the histological structure of the lung in albino mice and the possibility of reducing these effects by treating the animals with vitamin E. Mice treated with valsartan were aged 7-8 weeks and weighed 26-30 g. Methods: 24 adult male albino mice were divided into 4 groups, with 6 mice in each group. The control group, which is the first group, was injected with NACL (0.1 ml) daily for 30 days, subcutaneously. The second group, the vitamin E treatment group, was injected with vitamin E at a dose of 2 mg/kg daily for 30 days, subcutaneously. The third group was injected with valsartan at a dose of 20 mg/kg daily for 30 days, subcutaneously. In the fourth group, the animals were injected with vitamin E at a dose of 2 mg/kg and valsartan at a dose of 20 mg/kg. After the experiment ended, the mice were all sacrificed. Results: Histological sections of the lungs of the different groups were prepared, and the changes in the histological structure were studied using a light microscope. Conclusion: The results showed the protective role of vitamin E in maintaining the lung histological structure in mice treated with valsartan compared to the control treatment.
Research Article
Open Access
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Covid-19 Infected Pregnant Women: A Study From Tertiary Health Care Institution
Swathi Emmadisetty,
Aruna Kumari Yerra,
Suneeth Jogi,
Dr Sudhabala .,
Aparajita .
Pages 59 - 63
Introduction: At the onset of the pandemic, there was insufficient data to understand if the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy differed from those in the general population and if pregnancy and labor aggravated the symptoms of such infection. However, studies conducted later have shown that COVID-19 infected pregnant women were at a higher risk for obstetric complications, required more mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and had higher mortality rates compared to non-infected expectants. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis, ESIC Medical College and Hospital between April 2020 and December 2021. All pregnant women who were tested positive for COVID-19 infection, irrespective of symptoms at the time of or after admission, who delivered at our center and who consented were included in the study. Results: Out of the 4127 deliveries conducted during the study period, 164 (3.97%) were tested COVID-19 positive. In our study, 24/164 (14.6%), 22/164 (13.4%), and 14/164 (8.5%) had hypothyroidism, hypertension, and gestational diabetes respectively. Results of maternal outcomes showed missed abortions in 1.8% of study women, ectopic pregnancy in 1.2%, preterm delivery in 9.4%, and prelabour rupture of membranes in 12.4% of women. 5/164 (3%) women had intrauterine fetal death at admission and 4.8% required ICU admissions. There was one maternal death reported in our study. Conclusion: Most of the instances that were reported did not show evidence of maternal-fetal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, although one newborn who was kept apart from the mother for 36 hours after delivery tested positive for the virus using qRT-PCR. It is necessary to closely monitor pregnancies with COVID-19 and take precautions against newborn infection.
Research Article
Open Access
Public acceptance of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Saudi Arabia
Salim Ali Algaadi,
Hamad Jubair Aldhafiri,
Yazeed Abdulaziz Almulhim,
Razan Safir Alsubhi,
Mohammed Hussain Almakrami,
Nour Hassan Aljamaan
Pages 54 - 58
Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the public acceptance of HPV vaccinations as a means of preventing cervical cancer in various regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used data from a sample of 516 Saudi participants and was cross-sectional in nature. The participants filled out anonymous online surveys that were disseminated via Google Forms on several social media sites. Results: A total of 516 participants made up the sample for this study and 43.7% (n=225) of the participants showed a high acceptance level of the HPV vaccine. The results established a statistically significant association between gender, education level, and occupation with p-values <0.005 (0.023*, 0.003*, and 0.001* respectively) and the level of acceptance of the HPV vaccine. Conclusion: Overall, the study revealed that 43.7% of the participants showed a high acceptance level of the HPV vaccine. The female participants were found to have higher acceptance levels of HPV vaccination than male respondents. The participants with university degrees and post-graduate degrees had higher acceptance levels of HPV vaccines than others who had lower education levels. A statistically significant association was revealed between gender, education level, occupation, and the level of acceptance of the HPV vaccine.
Research Article
Open Access
Effect of Hypertension on the Left Atrium Using Tissue Doppler Imaging Echocardiography
Dhuha Qasim Mohammed,
Asaad Hasan Noaman Al-Aboodi
Pages 51 - 53
Background: Left atrial enlargement plays a crucial role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. This is most of the time preceded by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) which is caused by the effect of hypertension. Aim: Evaluate LA function using tissue Doppler imaging of two-dimensional volumetric parameters in subjects with essential hypertension to establish the prognostic elements of arterial hypertension. Patient and Methods: Cross-sectional analytic study. The study samples were obtained from the Al-Furat Teaching Hospital's Echocardiographic Consultation Unit in the Al-Najaf Governorate between 1st September 2023, and 20th April 2024. Sixty-eight known cases of hypertensive patients aged 18-60 years old. All patients are males and females. Clinical evaluation, anthropometric assessments, Doppler echocardiography as well as TDI study were done for each one of them to assess the left atrial volumes and function. Results: The hypertensive patients show a significant difference in accordance with weight, height, age, and BSA (all P<0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference in S and E wave parameters between patients with normal and abnormal LVM. However, all these parameters are abnormal in all patients with and without LVH. These parameters are abnormal according to the normal reference range. Conclusion: TDI with color-coded Q-analysis can detect the early LA wall abnormality caused by hypertension even before the obvious structural changes appear in LV and LA.
Research Article
Open Access
Targeting Mtor With Natural Metabolites to Manage Cancer Pathogenesis: Molecular Docking and Physiochemical Analysis
Azfar Jamal,
Syeda Nazia Kulsum
Pages 45 - 50
Introduction: Cancer remains a significant global concern, with substantial social, public health, and economic implications, responsible for approximately one in six deaths worldwide. The mTOR protein plays a crucial role in cell signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and development, and its dysregulation is implicated in cancer progression. Despite the known bioactive properties of Ficus virens bark extracts and the relevance of mTOR in cancer, there is a lack of studies investigating the inhibition of mTOR by Ficus virens metabolites. This study aims to explore the molecular interactions between Ficus virens secondary metabolites and mTOR through in silico methods. Methodology: In this study, we conducted in silico molecular interaction analyses to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of Ficus virens secondary metabolites on mTOR. The molecular docking technique was employed to predict the binding affinities and modes of interaction between mTOR and selected Ficus virens metabolites. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to further elucidate the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Results: Our findings reveal that two naturally occurring metabolites present in the methanol-based extract of Ficus virens, Dinopol-NOP and Elaidoic acid (also known as oleic acid), exhibit notable inhibitory efficacy against mTOR. Dinopol-NOP demonstrates superior mTOR inhibitory activity compared to the substrate. These compounds hold promise as potential agents for halting cancer progression by targeting mTOR signaling pathways. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the potential of Ficus virens metabolites, specifically Dinopol-NOP and Elaidoic acid, as inhibitors of mTOR in cancer therapy. The in silico molecular interaction analyses provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of these compounds on mTOR. Further validation through in vitro studies investigating the suppression of mTOR enzymatic activity by the isolated compounds is warranted. This research opens avenues for the development of novel therapeutics targeting mTOR in cancer treatment.
Research Article
Open Access
Pharmacist Intervention after Bariatric Surgery and Its Association with Dietary Practice, Weight Reduction, and Quality of Life
Safa Emad Jawad Suker,
Ayad Ali Hussein AL-Ameen
Pages 40 - 44
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly acknowledged as a significant endpoint in research on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery. Aim of the Study: Assessment of the role of pharmacist educational intervention & training in weight reduction, improvement of dietary practice, and enhancement of HRQOL after bariatric surgery. Patient and Method: A randomized comparative interventional study was conducted in Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The Intervention group included 58 patients who received standard care and training educational and support programs. The standard care group included 58 patients who received standard care after bariatric surgery. The required information included age, gender, practice recommended physical activity, cause and type of surgery. In addition to body mass index, dietary practices, and quality of life (assessed by MOOREHEAD-ARDEL score) were assessed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The reduction of the body mass index was larger in the intervention group than in the standard care group at 3 months and 6 months. The overall total mean MOOREHEAD-ARDEL score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the standard care group at 6 months, (P<0.001). The mean total scores of dietary practices were significantly higher in the intervention group at 6 months compared to the standard care group at 6 months (P-value<0.001). Conclusion: The pharmacist intervention leads to larger weight reduction, better dietary practice, and better quality of life at six months after surgery.
Research Article
Open Access
HPLC and GC-MS Analysis of Five Medicinal Plants Used in Folk Medicine to Treat Respiratory Diseases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Amal Y. Aldhebiani,
Afnan x Alqethami,
Aljawharah A. Alqathama,
Mohammed Alarjah,
Omeima A. Abdullah
Pages 32 - 39
Very few phytochemical studies based on ethnobotanical studies were conducted in Saudi Arabia. In Jeddah, medicinal plants play a major role in healthcare. Here and for the first time, the chemical reasons behind the use of 5 medicinal plants in folk medicine in Jeddah to treat respiratory diseases were highlighted. Objective: The current research aims to investigate the chemical composition of 5 medicinal plants commonly used to treat respiratory diseases in folk medicine in Jeddah, by the analysis methods of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Material and methods: Based on ethnobotanical fieldwork conducted in Jeddah over a year from August 2018 to September 2019, many plants were collected. Five plant species were analyzed first by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and second by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Results: All these five medicinal plant species contained antioxidants. A total of five standards (quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, and gallic acid) were recognized in these plants. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the chemical composition of these therapeutic plants and their ethnomedicinal significance are consistent. Additionally, the outcomes showed that although Helianthus annuus L. and Anethum graveolens L. both contained antioxidants, they were rarely used in Jeddah's traditional medicine. Due to its medical value, it is crucial to call attention to it. To complete research into traditional medicine, which leads to the development of new medications, phytochemical screening must be focused on ethnobotanical investigations.
Research Article
Open Access
Disease Prediction System using Data Mining Techniques based on Classification Mechanism: Survey Study
Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Asiri,
Ashwaq Ayed Al-Asmari
Pages 25 - 31
The widespread dissemination and accessibility of information have led to unprecedented amounts of information. A huge part of this information is random and untapped, while very little of it is regulated. This has led to the urgent need to regulate this impressive volume of information for use in many tasks such as corporate decision-making, increasing their competitiveness, etc. This has led to creating and developing algorithms with the ability to classify and organize data and extract knowledge from it. This facilitates the process of predicting, detecting, or preventing diseases, thereby preserving human capital, reducing expenditures, and keeping society healthy. This technology is a promising opportunity for investment and growth in various fields. The latest statistics of the Saudi General Authority for Statistics were in its report on the results of the survey. (Chronic diagnosed diseases among the Kingdom's population are among those aged 15 and over, at 16.4%. Chronic diseases increase significantly as age increases. The prevalence of chronic diseases among older persons in the 65-year age group is 7.7% higher than among young age groups (15–34 years, at 4.4%). This is what motivated the researcher to find the best means of predicting diseases and how they might help us understand the initial signals of diseases and avoid them. The study aims to review and analyze classification applications, clarify their uses and important features in the field of disease detection and the future of these classifications in the Kingdom, and compile the latest studies in disease prediction using classification algorithms. The researcher used a survey approach to answer the question of this research. This survey includes a review of previous studies from 2018 to 2021 in the Disease Prediction System using classification techniques. These studies have reached many of the results that we list as follows:
- Proper selection of attributes plays an important role in enhancing and increasing the accuracy of classification systems, especially as the same classifications have been used to determine disease-specific attributes.
- Guidance to the need for researchers to choose the right classification for their study where it gives faster and more accurate results.
- The use of macro-learning for big data, exploration and automation using classification techniques gives more accurate and sensitive results.
Based on the foregoing, we found that not all data will serve any purpose without discovering knowledge and that data mining helps to shape the perception of hidden patterns and trends in data sets for diseases that may not have been known before, as the results of the survey showed that the classification techniques used to predict heart disease were as follows: (Naive Bayes 84%, hybrid classification techniques using a total of 87.4% classification techniques, then the random forest 88.7%, and finally the most accurate percentage by study is the decision tree technique that gave 99.2%), and the classification techniques with diabetes disease came as follows: (The synthetic neural network is the most accurate and sensitive 98.4%, followed by the closest neighbors, support vectors, Naive Bayes, and finally the decision tree), and classification techniques to predict diseases in general: On the other hand, (the neural network had an accuracy of 84.5%. The most commonly used classifications were support vectors, followed by Naive Bayes technology). These classifications lead to clear and correct decisions that benefit the economy, health, and all areas of service. Indeed, in light of its blessed Vision 2030, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has achieved qualitative leaps in the use of classification applications. Sehaty, Tawakkolna, and Taba’d from the first apps that have been creative in predicting diseases through the use of mobile phones loaded with those smart apps.
Research Article
Open Access
Investigation of Dyspnea Conditions Experienced by Individuals Engaged in Bodybuilding and Fitness Sports During Training According to Various Variables
Yusuf Gozacik,
Recai Mimaroglu,
Muhsin Duran
Pages 19 - 24
Objective: It was aimed to examine the dyspnea (shortness of breath) conditions experienced by individuals interested in bodybuilding and fitness sports during training according to various variables. Method: The study was conducted using the relational survey model, which is one of the descriptive survey models. The population for the research comprises individuals who are members of fitness and bodybuilding centres operating in Diyarbakir. The sample was made up of 379 individuals, consisting of 209 males and 170 females aged between 18 to 32, who had been members of these centres and engaged in sports for at least one year, based on the appropriate sampling criteria. The Personal Information Form and Dyspnea-12 Scale were utilised as data collection tools in the investigation. Results: The study determined that the average age of the participants was 24.21 (±3.93) years. Demographic data showed that 39.3% of the athletes were identified as smokers, 16.1% suffered from chronic diseases, and 38% were diagnosed with Covid-19. Upon examining dyspnea conditions experienced during training, it was discovered that men (11.01), smokers (5.49), individuals with chronic diseases (21.04), and those diagnosed with Covid-19 (18.03) exhibited higher Dyspnea-12 scale scores. Furthermore, a positive and significant correlation between participant age, total scale score, and sub-dimension scores was identified. Conclusion: It has been observed that male individuals, smokers, individuals with chronic diseases and individuals diagnosed with Covid-19 experience greater shortness of breath. Moreover, it has been noticed that the severity of shortness of breath during exercise increases with participant age.
Research Article
Open Access
Photodynamic and Acoustic Therapy: A Breakthrough in Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Rania Mohammad Sabri Sultan
Pages 9 - 18
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major public health concern worldwide, posing a serious threat to the effectiveness of current antibiotic treatments. To address this issue, there is a growing need to explore alternative methods for controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study aims to provide a cost-effective and efficient process to reduce multidrug resistance and establish a system to eliminate multidrug-resistant bacteria. The study begins with the isolation of one or more bacteria in an aseptic, closed environment, followed by inoculation into saline. The sample is then exposed to either moderate sound wave at a predetermined frequency and intensity, red light at a predetermined wavelength, or both. The bacteria in the sample are exposed to the sound and red light, which may cause some of the resistant bacteria to become sensitive to antibiotics. The sound and red light are designed to penetrate the DNA of the bacteria, reversing their resistance to sensitivity. This process either promotes bacterial growth, causing them to scatter away from the canter of a petri dish, or kills them completely. In conclusion, When the organisms are exposed to audible sound alone or in combination with red light, colony formation decreases, and the colonies separate from each other, becoming weaker. In some cases, the colonies take on irregular shapes or die off considerably.
Research Article
Open Access
Comparison Identifying Imaging Diagnosis Methods in Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer Patients
Sadegh Khoddam,
Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari,
Neda Izadi,
Atieh Akbari,
Mahfuz Ghaderi
Pages 1 - 8
Background: Breast cancer is the second important cause of cancer-related adults that mostly affects female. There are different diagnostic methods for detecting breast lesions, the specificity and sensitivity of which are very important in identifying multifocal lesions, since very few studies have been done on this issue so far, this study was done with the aims to Comparison identifying imaging diagnosis methods in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The current systematic review was done based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observationally Studies in Epidemiology and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The primary keywords were published in reliable databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, SID, Wiley in English were searched until the end of 2022. Two authors independently examined the articles in terms of data extraction, inclusion criteria, and quality assessment of the articles. Results: The age range from 496 samples was 57.3. Using the results of 5 published articles for MG and CESM, the overall specificity and sensitivity were 89% and 85%, respectively and for MRI, the overall specificity and sensitivity were 81% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: The MRI method is the most sensitive tool for diagnosing BC in patients, but if a combination of new methods is used together, we will definitely achieve better results.